Appendix (#134662)
by Andreas Umland on
May 30, 2009 at 1:33 PM
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"Fascism - borderless and red"
By Aleksandr
Dugin
Russian original: http://anticompromat.ru/dugin/fashizm.html
[Translated
from Russian by Andreas Umland]
There are, in the 20th century, only
three ideologies that have managed to demonstrate that their principles are
realistic in terms of their political-administrative implementation - these are
liberalism, communism and fascism. As much as one may like to - it is impossible
to name another model of society which would not be one of the forms of these
ideologies and [which], at the same time, existed in reality. There are liberal
countries, there are communist [countries] and there are fascist (nationalist)
[countries]. Others are absent. And are impossible. In
1. Against national capitalism
One of the versions of
fascism which, it seems, Russian society is today ready (or almost ready) to
embrace is national capitalism. It is almost beyond doubt that the project of
national capitalism or "right fascism" constitutes an ideological initiative of
that part of the elite of society which is seriously concerned with the problem
of power and feels acutely the power of time [velenie vremeni]. Yet, the
"national-capitalist," "right-wing" variation of fascism does by no means
exhaust the nature of this ideology. Moreover, the union of the "national
bourgeoisie" with the "intelligentsia" on which, according to some analysts, the
coming Russian fascism will be based constitutes a glaring example for what,
actually, is entirely alien to fascism as a world-view, as a doctrine, [and] as
a style. "The domination of national capital" - this is a Marxist definition of
the phenomenon of fascism. It does absolutely not take into account the specific
philosophical self-reflection of fascist ideology [and] consciously ignores the
fundamental core-pathos of fascism.
Fascism - this is nationalism, yet
not any nationalism, but a revolutionary, rebellious, romantic, idealistic [form
of nationalism] appealing to a great myth and transcendental idea, trying to put
into practice the Impossible Dream [sic], to give birth to a society of the hero
and Superhuman [sic], to change and transform [preobrazovat' i preobrazit'] the
world. On the economic level, fascism is characterized rather by socialist or
moderately socialist methods which subordinate personal, individual economic
interests to the principles of national welfare, justice, [and] brotherhood. And
finally, the fascist view of culture corresponds to a radical rejection of the
humanistic, "excessively humane" mentality, i.e. of what represents the essence
of the "intelligentsia." The fascist hates the intellectual [intelligent] as a
type. He sees in him a masked bourgeois, a pretentious philistine, a chatterbox
and irresponsible coward. The fascist loves the brutal [zverskoe], superhuman
and angel-like, at the same time. He loves the cold and tragedy, he does not
like warmth and comfort. With other words, fascism despises everything that
makes up the essence of "national capitalism." He fights for the "domination of
national idealism" (and not "national capital") and against the bourgeoisie and
intelligentsia (and not for her and not with her). The fascist pathos is
accurately defined in the famous phrase of Mussolini: "Rise, fascist and
proletarian
Not for them and not by them is the national
revolution done.
In history, clean, ideal fascism did not experience a
direct incarnation. In practice, the urgent problems of assumption of power and
establishing economic order forced the fascist leaders - including Mussolini,
Hitler, Franco, as well as Salazar - to forge alliances with conservatives,
national capitalists, big owners and corporation heads. Yet, this compromise
always ended deplorable for the fascist regimes. The fanatic anti-communism of
Hitler warmed up by the German capitalists cost Germany the defeat in its war
with the USSR while Mussolini - trusting into the honesty of the king
(articulator of the interests exactly of big business) - was delivered by him to
the renegades Badoglio and Ciano who put the Duce into prison and threw
themselves into the embrace of the Americans.
Franco held out the
longest, and even that because of the concessions of liberal-capitalist
Therefore, in our case, in the case of the growing Russian
national capitalism, one cannot speak about fascism, but of an attempt to
preliminarily pervert what is not to be circumvented. Such pseudo-fascism can be
called "preventive," [or] "precautionary." It hastens to make itself known
before an authentic, real, radically revolutionary and consistent fascism, a
fascist fascism is, in full measure, born and becomes strong in
Having
democracy transformed into a farce, apparently, the partocrats, together with
the obliging intelligentsia, are, decidedly up to foul and poison the
nationalism that is advancing into society.
The nature of fascism [is] a
new hierarchy, a new aristocracy. The novelty lies in that the hierarchy is
based on natural, organic [and] clear principles - dignity, honor, courage [and]
heroism. The dilapidated hierarchy which is trying to carry itself over into the
era of nationalism is, as before, based on conformist abilities: "flexibility,"
"caution," "a taste for intrigues," "toadyism," etc. The obvious conflict
between two styles, two human types, two normative systems is
inescapable.
2. Russian socialism
It is absolutely unjustified to
call fascism an "extremely right-wing" ideology. This phenomenon is much more
precisely characterized with the paradoxical formula "Conservative Revolution."
It is a combination of a "right-wing" cultural-political orientation -
traditionalism, faithfulness to the soil, roots, national ethics - with a
"left-wing" economic program - social justice, limitation to the market forces,
deliverance from "credit [protsentnogo] slavery," prohibition of stock market
speculation, monopolies and trusts, [and] primacy of honest work. In analogy to
National Socialism which was often called simply "German socialism," one can
speak of Russian fascism as "Russian socialism." The ethnic specification of the
term "socialism" has, in this context, a special meaning. What is meant is
formulation of a socio-economic doctrine, from the beginning, not on the basis
of abstract dogmas and rationalistic laws, but on the basis of concrete,
spiritual-ethical and cultural principles that have organically formed the
nation as such. Russian socialism - that is not Russians for socialism, but
socialism for the Russians. In distinction to rigid Marxist-Leninist dogmas,
Russian national socialism proceeds from an understanding of social justice
which is characteristic exactly for our nation, for our historical tradition,
for our economic ethics.
Such a socialism will be more rural than
proletarian, more communal and cooperative than administrative
[gosudarstvennyi], more regionalistic than centralistic - all these are
requirements of Russian national specificity which will find its expression in
the doctrine and not only in practice.
3. New people
Such a
Russian socialism should be build by new people, a new type of people, a new
class. A class of heroes and revolutionaries. The remains of the party
nomenclature and their ramshackle order should fall victim to the socialist
revolution. The Russian national revolution. The Russian's are longing for
freshness, for modernity [sovremennosti], for unfeigned romanticism, for living
participation in some great cause. Everything that they are offered today [is]
either archaic (the national patriots) or boring and cynical (the liberals). The
dance and the attack, fashion and aggression, excessiveness and discipline, will
and gesture, fanaticism and irony will seethe in the national revolutionaries -
young, malicious [zlykh], merry, fearless, passionate and not knowing limits.
They [will] build and destroy, rule and fulfill orders, conduct purges of the
enemies of the nation and tenderly take care of Russian elderly and children.
Wrathfully and merrily will they approach the citadel of the ramshackle [and]
rotten System [sic]. Yes, they deeply [krovno] thirst for Power [sic]. They know
how to use it. They will breathe Live [sic] in society, they will shove
[vvergnut] the people into the sweet process of creating History [sic]. New
people. Finally, intelligent and brave. Such as are needed. Who take the outer
world as a strike (in the words of [Evgenii] Golovin [a Russian mystic and
teacher of Dugin - A.U.]).
Immediately before his death, the French
fascist writer Robert Brasillach voiced a strange prophecy: "I see how in the
East, in
Note: Not a faded, brownish-pinkish national
capitalism, but the blinding dawn of a new Russian Revolution [sic], fascism -
borderless as our lands, and red as our blood.