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Vertov and his 'kinoki' ('cinema eye') movement also believed that  film could provide a solid dose of truth.

 

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 . . . and of course there's bazin's famous ontology of the photographic image, rooted in the ability of the camera -- when used in particular ways -- to RECORD rather than make

 

the crucial phrase here is "when used in particular ways" -- especially problematic these days when it's more and more difficult to determine in what ways the camera has been used

 

and of course the idea that an image has been recorded rather than created is an idea ABOUT the image rather than a characteristic of the image itself . . . purely as images an image of a unicorn and an image of a zebra make the same claims -- which is to say, no claim at all . . . and the idea that something is “true” [no matter what “true” means] is always an idea about that thing rather than some aspect of the thing

 

mike