dear john. hopefully my last and final questions about the vbm and volume problem. you said the binary mask should be multiplied with the modulated and warped images. are these the mwp1r files in vbm5.1. what if they are smoothed? if the image has a voxelsize of 1x1x1mm, do i need the final scaling of the sum of values by the volume of voxel? thanks with regards markus