Hello, Perhaps its time to build some serious theory foundations. Here is Axiom 1. ============ Axiom 1: ALL design methods are information gathering methods. ============ There are NO exceptions, no 'ifs', no 'buts', no extras. The above axiom simply states that the set of 'all design methods' is wholly contained within the set of 'information methods' This axiom does not assume or imply that 'all design is research'. The axiom does not imply or assume that 'research' has a one to one correspondence with 'information gathering'. Nor does it imply that the the concept of 'research methods' has a one to one correspondence with 'design methods' or with 'information gathering methods' Best regards, Terence ____________________ Dr. Terence Love, FRDS, AMIMechE, PMACM Design-focused Research Group, Design Out Crime Research Group Associate Researcher at Digital Ecosystems and Business Intelligence Institute Research Associate, Planning and Transport Research Centre Curtin University, PO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845 Mob: 0434 975 848, Fax +61(0)8 9305 7629, [log in to unmask] Engineering, Edith Cowan University Perth, Western Australia Visiting Professor, Member of Scientific Council UNIDCOM/ IADE, Lisbon, Portugal Visiting Research Fellow, Institute of Entrepreneurship and Enterprise Development Management School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK ____________________