Hi We are currently undertaking a research study looking at the diagnosis, treatment and management of PPH (the STOP study) and I have to say, from the information gathered so far, the "meaning" of a "physiological" 3rd stage- in water or dry land, appears very varied. Similarly Patrick Bose work about estimation of blood loss seems to prove what we all suspect about "guestimation". Another team that have looked generally at the area of PPH is Tim Draycott in Bristol, they may well have developed some guidelines in light of their "drills and skills" training package. Hope this is helpful Annette Annette Annette Briley, Consultant Midwife/Clinical Trials Manager Maternal and Fetal Research Unit Division of Reproduction and Endocrinology 10th Floor North Wing St Thomas' Hospital London SE1 7EH ________________________________________ From: A forum for discussion on midwifery and reproductive health research. [[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of Val Hesketh [[log in to unmask]] Sent: 23 July 2008 20:52 To: [log in to unmask] Subject: Fwd: waterbirth question Note: forwarded message attached. Any list members with further information ? I understand there is a theoretical risk of air embolus.