Karen I am convinced that the small brilliant crystal you mention can be found, or at least looked for - intrinsically, where the only source of power is to be found, and where the only application of power should be allowed, if we use the term 'power' at all (I'm really referring to 'control'). Cybernetics - as second order observation, even of the self - only allows intrinsic control, therefore the material aspects of class can only be addressed by the group itself, not by the designer. Design solutions (in themselves trying to 'define' to the group what 'design' is and can do / 'afford' the group) cannot address, speak directly to class or material aspects. The individuals, as a group, as a network in Latour's example of actor-networks, must apply any definitions / differentiations / distinctions. The designer, as a human being trying to understand, must learn how to differentiate between self and environment, and so must every member of the group you wish to design for (communicate with). Design is indeed a way of thinking, for the designer as a structured way of communication, and for the user as a way of understanding some other insight besides the ones (culturally, economically, politically) situationally available at any one time. When you say "In humanity -- design is a solution that has to take care of what is genuinely in need and discard what is not beneficial to humanity" you are speaking the constructive language of Changing the Change - the conference in Torino this July! Wonderful. Johann >>> Karen Fu <[log in to unmask]> 06/13/08 8:15 AM >>> Johann interesting analysis! Here is a lunchtime breakdown of some simple thoughts open for opinions: I was thinking. Design -- a way of thought / a strategy Thoughtful living --- considerate humane and smart solutions to daily problems. Thoughts --- inclusive of all the domains of sciences and the arts, the economics , culture and politics. (can't run away from politics and especially religion but a tactful way of handling these will keep success and peace. So far few people can sort these sensitive issures) In business, design is to seek a special identity, a different way of arranging the various elements and put them into a solution in the simplest and most efficient form that is of profit. In humanity -- design is a solution that has to take care of what is genuinely in need and discard what is not beneficial to humanity. Seeking differences in insight has a way of looking into issues that are not bound to surface now but possibly in the future. in politics, religion and culture--- design is mainly about power. as far as differentiation is concerned, we cannot elude class. Its probably the material aspect of class that should be minimalised as much as possible. pretty much hard to have it very simple like that of a small brilliant crystal. there goes lunch, Karen Fu --------------------------------------