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You snipped one of my guesses, Christopher. The following was my bow to "caritas": Pre-Unloving the former "middle class"? You've not given me too much information. In fact, I need much more in order to get my head around the politics of Catholics and Protestants in Elizabethan England (for a play I'm writing)---most particularly as it advanced, retarded or snuffed the lives of poets and composers. QE 1, unlike her father and stepsister, had a fairly politically-pragmatic tolerance for Catholics---up to a point. I find m'sel' amazed, sad, and impressed at the byzantine mazes these artists had to navigate. And they were, in many cases, the most fortunate of folks. The composer-musicians, for example, often found it relatively (to non-artists) easy to flee to Italy or other "Catholic" countries for their safety or freer practice of their art. That also led, tho, to their being used by Principal Secretary to the Queen, Sir Francis Walsingham, as spies whilst they were in other countries. More than you wanted to know, no doubt. Best, Judy ***************************** Less is not quite enough ***************************** ----- Original Message ----- From: "Christopher Walker" <[log in to unmask]> To: <[log in to unmask]> Sent: Tuesday, May 27, 2008 1:14 PM Subject: Re: Working Class v Middle Class (was Re: New beats (???)) <snip> wot in the world is "precaritization"?! Before tooth decay? [Judy P] <snip> A small note on 'precaritization'. Theoretically *precarity* (a situation that is socio-economically precarious) is a coinage of the US Catholic Left during the 50s. Hence 'precaritization': being put in that situation. In practice I am doubtful. *Precarity* (precariedad, precarietà, précarité) has spread through Spain, Italy, France etc) as a fairly recent term of art for the condition of *flexible exploitation*: the Pope used it, a month or two ago, and there's a Saint Precario (not recognised by the Pope) with February 29 as his special Day. However, a bit like 'recuperation', the term is much more natural in Europe than it has ever been in English: also in the 50s Danilo Dolci uses precarietà to describe the situation of many Sicilian workers, for example. Which may be more than you wanted to know! CW _______________________________________________ 'Does God want you to be unemployed?' (Question posed by Danilo Dolci to precarious workers in Palermo as part of his *Inchiesta a Palermo*, 1957)