Hi Bill, I am sorry the reference to Maha Bharata has nothing to do with fascism. It is the ironical significance of Deleuze's reference to philosophers,which we refer to ( in the localized cultural context )" VIKRUTHI"in Human nature where one develops a metaphysics( of the highest order),with the sole purpose of distorting Facts and Perspectives. Deleuze once famously described his method of interpreting philosophers as "buggery (enculage)", as sneaking behind an author and producing an offspring which is recognizably his, yet also monstrous and different. To quote The popular Epic Fantasy "The lord of the Rings and the conflict driven by "The Power of Ring" in characters GOLEM and FRODO,where in the Forces( Nature?rings?the self?)result in the expression of two variances( Golem and frodo as part of the Meta narrative). Further ASHWATTHAMA in Maha Bharata,was one such character who was driven by primal forces of both Nature and self( His desire to prove his powers like a Kshatriya),besides his deep knowledge of Weapons and His act of Killing the children of PANDAVAS,while they were asleep has some parallels beyonds the cultural specific is what I was pointing to in my references. Which you might in a circulatory fashion can hopefully understand as one that has a actuality to the context of contemporary political consciousness that gets shaped on myths,history,psychology,Philosophies etc.in producing unique and significant historical narratives of Individuals( Characters) that gets meshed up in the frame work of ideologies,(Catching the popular imagination in its scale) ( which certainly and can not be referred to as fascism.That is where my argument that Fascism is a simple Historical aberration due to "poverty of Philosophy" or "Enlightenment gone haywire"( though elevated to an ideology-a misreading in to history),despite the fact its large scale organizational structure seeks a foundation in its significance as an ideology or Historical process and my argument is it does not qualify on any of the grounds so far that have been provided in support of it. So why do we have fascism revisiting US, in one form or another disguised as IT.How does It unable itself in raising to the levels in an organized and structural fashion undermining Individual liberty and freedom. Which is what leads to my earlier questions- Can Fascism under the guise of Praxis address the core issues that are central to Humanity or an individual correspondingly in the spiritual, ideological or pedagogical processes that are part of critical or evolutionary consciousness? Does Fascism effectively camouflage the “Truth” or the Facts in a manner that is distortion of "reality" or of "self identities" and a sham scientific process in the evolution historical processes, where in humanity, given its imperfect nature of self is led in to self deception or false beliefs based on identities of gender, class, race, culture, religion and national Identity? The reason for referring to Praxis is purely incidental as my Intention was to fundamentally differentiate Praxis has very little to do with Fascism,hence it does not accommodate or address fascism.Fascism which could at the most qualify as an historical aberration devoid of any ideology or to quote in your words- The laws-driven ideologies are the mortal enemy of Praxis...as it knows itself to be. Therefore, the first fascism was the Social Evolutionism of late Nineteenth Century Capital. This was followed in turn by the the red variety of Engels and Lenin. Laws-driven, both; each with their own sense of historical inevitability buttressed by the pseudo-sciences of racism, genetic elitism, and class struggle. In short measure, fascism is The Enlightenment gone haywire. regards, Indrakaran. Boston. ____________________________________________________________________________________ Looking for last minute shopping deals? Find them fast with Yahoo! Search. http://tools.search.yahoo.com/newsearch/category.php?category=shopping * * Film-Philosophy salon After hitting 'reply' please always delete the text of the message you are replying to. To leave, send the message: leave film-philosophy to: [log in to unmask] Or visit: http://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/lists/film-philosophy.html For help email: [log in to unmask], not the salon. * Film-Philosophy journal: http://www.film-philosophy.com Contact: [log in to unmask] **