Thank you for your respones. I managed to fix the problem as follows: Everytime I read in my dictionary from ccp4i Sketcher I got the "New ligand..." error and Refmac would write out a new .cif file. When I used the .cif file written by Refmac, refinement worked. I compared my Sketcher .cif and the .cif generated by Refmac. The difference I see between the two files is as follows: Sketcher (under List of Monomers) MOD MOD 'modified ' non-polymer 16 9 . Refmac .cif (under List of Monomers) MOD MOD '. ' . 15 9 . MOD MOD 'modified ' non-polymer 16 9 . If I add the extra line to the .cif I generated from Sketcher, it works! I'm glad I've got it running. Cheers! Catherine Catherine Regni, Ph.D. --------------------------------- Be a better friend, newshound, and know-it-all with Yahoo! Mobile. Try it now.