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Dave, Try: Schwartz, Charles W., and Elizabeth R. Schwartz 1959 The Wild Mammals of Missouri. University of Missouri Press, Kansas City, Missouri. There is a section on rat that describes morphological differences between the 2 species on the top of the skull. Cheers, Jodi >===== Original Message From David Dyer <[log in to unmask]> ===== >Hi Zooarch'ers: > > > >Does anyone have a reference to a reliable method to distinguish skulls or >mandibles of Rattus rattus from Rattus norvegicus (other than the work by >Armitage et al. in the London Archaeologist 1984, as mentioned by Reitz and >Wing in "Zooarchaeology")? I have some modern Rattus material from near the >coast of southern California and I assume it could be either species. Thanks >in advance for any help! > > Dave > > > > > > > >David Dyer, Curator > >Philip L. Wright Zoological Museum > >Division of Biological Sciences > >University of Montana > >Missoula, MT 59812 Jodi A. Jacobson, Ph.D. Adjunct Assistant Professor Department of Anthropology 250 South Stadium Hall University of Tennessee Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 Phone: (865)974-4408 Email: [log in to unmask]