I haven't actually checked out this part of the manual, so I'm not sure if there was a slice time correction applied to the resliced data before spatially normalizing. Alternatively, there may have been a realign and unwrap. If neither of these two cases, then it is perfectly fine to combine the writing from realignment and spatial normalization into one step. Note that you may want to change the interpolation method from the default setting (when writing spatially normalized images). All the best, -John -----Original Message----- From: SPM (Statistical Parametric Mapping) [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of Mike Glabus Sent: Thursday, March 01, 2007 8:39 PM To: [log in to unmask] Subject: Re: [SPM] realign and normalize with SPM5 I just want to pick up on this as there is another fundamental difference in preprocessing as outlined in the SPM5 manual, compared to SPM2. From what I understand, it was recommended by the authours that for SPM2, the fMRI time series is realigned only and not resliced: the realignment parameters being saved in the .mat file for use in the next stage, spatial normalisation, (effecting resampling and reslicing in a single step). The recommnded preprocessing procedure for SPM5 (according to the example data sets in section VI of the manual) is to realign *and* reslice the fMRI data prior to spatial normalisation. Is there a resaon for adopting this approach in SPM5? Would it be acceptable to simply estimate the realignment parameters, as they would (presumably) be considered during the spatial normalisation procedure? This would save a lot disk space used for writing out rr*.img files. Regards - Mike