Hi group, I received recently an old English text on mining. Being a bad student, I don't understand all the terminology. Is there someone on the list who can clarify this sentence? ...The ore was easily mined from the steep pitching veins by “underhand” and “back stoping” methods. The wall rock of the lodes was usually sound. Single stick timbering generally sufficed.... What does 'the wall rock of the lodes was usually sound' means? What are 'underhand' and 'back stoping' methods? Very kind regards from a area where no mining is... Richard ____________________________ Richard De Nul Churchilllaan 330 2900 Schoten, Belgium Tel.N°.: +32 (0) 3 658.75.36 email: [log in to unmask] http://www.denul.net ____________________________