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medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture

John Wickstrom wrote:
>
> Cyrille Vogel's Medieval Liturgy as revised by William Storey and
> Niels Rasmussen (1986) is the best one volume presentation of
> medieval liturgy I've seen.

Thanks - I've ordered a copy, although why the keenest price should be in 
Rochester, NY is one of mysteries of life!  But Harper (Forms and Orders) 
says that Vogel concentrates on the Mass, and doesn't really deal with the 
Office.

> Andrew Hughes, Medieval Manuscripts for Mass and Office has a good
> introductory section (1982).

I'm struggling with this.  It seems to be a besetting sin of liturgiologists 
to devise their own complicated mnemonic systems of abbreviations, symbols 
and typefaces (cf Frere).

> Another volume, the best for detailed discussion of the medieval
> office (despite its specialized title) is volume VI of
>
> J.B.L. Tollhurst, The Monastic Breviary for Hyde Abbey (1942)
> subsequently published (1993) as a separate volume: Introduction to
> the English Monastic Breviaries.

I'm *really* struggling with that one.  I think that Tolhurst had spent so 
long with the medieval liturgy that he had absorbed the scholastic cast of 
thought, and was incapable of writing any other way.  (I find this problem 
with Frere, as well.)  I find that Tolhurst explains things in considerable 
detail, but with an almost complete absence of clarity.  Not to mention 
neglecting to explain *why* he is explaining what he is.  Obviously, a lot 
of knowledge is assumed - but there is not much clue as to what that might 
be!

Where simple things  *are* explained clearly, the authorities don't always 
agree.  Take the liturgical day, which is where we came in.  Tolhurst baldly 
states that the liturgical day starts the evening before. No exceptions. No 
suggestion that ferias might be different.  Hughes states that by the end of 
the medieval period, the liturgical day was regarded as starting at 
midnight.  Which leaves him at a bit of a loss to explain why feasts might 
still behave as they do. Harper states (with admirable clarity) that ferias 
start at midnight, that simple feasts start with their vespers the day 
before, and that double feasts have first vespers the day before, and second 
vespers on the day itself. This is all well and good, but one is left with a 
nagging suspicion that it might be an oversimplification! Nobody seems 
confident about compline...

Hughes says that Harper's Forms and Orders is a book that he wished he 
himself had written.  Given the complexity of his own book, one might 
perhaps be permitted some scepticism...  Of course, Harper may not have been 
overburdened with knowledge when he wrote his book.  Many years later, at a 
meeting this year of the Plainsong and Medieval Music Society, he gave a 
dazzling virtuoso presentation of the results of his recent research into 
reconstructing the choral forces for the whole liturgy of Rochester 
Cathedral c.1544 - and succeeded in confusing everybody, including himself! 
I am still staring at the handout and can't decide whether two columns have 
become interchanged or not!

John Briggs 

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