In 1850 Rudolph Clausius obtained the conclusion "All heat engines working between the same two temperatures have the same maximal efficiency": http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/Clausius.html http://www.mdpi.org/lin/clausius/clausius.htm Clausius was forced to use an invalid argument for reasons described here: http://www.wbabin.net/valev/valev4.htm Eventually Clausius conclusion took the form "Perpetuum mobile of the second kind is impossible" suggesting that those who would try to test the dogma are just as mad as those trying to extract energy out of nothing. Since Clausius argument is invalid, honesty requires that the negation of the conclusion, "Heat engines working between the same two temperatures may have different maximal efficiencies", be regarded as a full-blooded hypothesis able to generate an alternative thermodynamics. Dying physics would not be rescued (if rescuing is possible at all) without this step. Similarly, dying physics would not be rescued without the eradication of Einstein's false second postulate and its miraculous corollaries: http://blogs.physicstoday.org/newspicks/2006/07/einsteins_theory_of_infidelity.html http://blogs.physicstoday.org/newspicks/2006/07/light_goes_faster_in_reverse.html http://blogs.physicstoday.org/newspicks/2006/04/physics_in_america_at_crossroa.html http://blogs.physicstoday.org/newspicks/2006/08/perception_that_physics_is_too.html Pentcho Valev [log in to unmask] __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com