Dear Shya yes indeed that's been noticed before - although maybe there is an equally strong link with material from the medieval grimoires such as the Key of Solomon and freemasonry. I think its common knowledge that Doreen Valiente 'purged' the Book of Shadows of much of its Crowleyesque language - although some such as in the wonderful 'Charge of the Goddess' remains. The point for me is not so much that one tradition borrows from another but rather they share certain ideals - and have a common agenda - or what is less wellknown and difficult to get across is that we share a common basis in nature spirituality - the source of magical power being in nature - whether that be the earth, the stars or indeed our own bodies. love and do what you will mogg ps: for me one of the best academic approaches came from Richard Sutcliffe - who seemed to fade away a bit but his essay can still be read in Graham Harvey & Hardyman's book on paganism. One could indeed make the argument that a lot of Gardner's rituals came from Crowley, often word for word! They did know each other, however briefly. Shya