Tim, I've backed out of making any changes to HDS. Instead, I have modified NDG so that it handles spaces in both directory names and file names. I've been able to do this because NDG uses ONE_FIND_FILE which takes a different approach to rec1_find_file. Within NDG, I temporarily stop HDS doing any expansion of shell metacharacters by setting the SHELL tuning parameter to -1. This means that NDG-based application (e.g. KAPPA, and now CUPID) should now handle spaces OK. Part of this was adding a new function to one, ONE_SHELL_ECHO, which expands all shell metacharacters in a supplied string, but without any file globbing. This is needed to clean up names supplied for output files (i.e. names of files which may not yet exist). David