Dear Caroline et al Some of the GD grade signs are similar to genuine egyptian techniques such as whats been called the Heptagramme rite - so not so far fetched - not sure how that come about - think also the mithras liturgy has grade signs used in the initiation of a female adept - As to the rest of your post - i think skrying and astral contact is indeed the most inportant aspect of GD and other freeform ritual work - and the results are pretty good. If anything contemporary practitioners tend to write off the victorian GD type work because this aspect is often hidden or edited out by more masonic style savants. Same for crowley ritual - for some reason people only seem to use one 'channel' and have forgotten the use of music, dance and trance induction in crowley magic - indeed maybe the same for ancient egyptian magic which for a long time was interpreted through the lens of the (supposed) victorian GD techniques - which few people find very effective these days. bb/93 mogg useful corrective to mono-channel type magick come IMO from work such as Chaos Magick and works by Jan Fries, especially Visual Magick. Incidentally its quite hard to get this message across - one recent encyclopedia on Nature magick refused a piece on Crowley, because their 'crowley expert' said there was no need for him to be in - presumable because they felt he didn't practice earth magic - so the circle of misinformation continues!!