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I don't have "Liber Israfel" at hand, but I can tell you that Taphthartharath is one of several spirits whose names and signs are structured into the magic squares in Cornelius Agrippa, book 2. I do not know of any prior reference to this spirit, whose name is gibberish, so I rather doubt it has an Egyptian origin. GD members could have encountered this figure in Agrippa, but also in Francis Barrett's _The Magus; or, Celestial Intelligencer_ (1801), which includes at least some material borrowed from Trithemius as well. So I would suggest looking in Barrett for sources. Chris Lehrich Caroline Tully wrote: > Hello, does anyone know where the ciphers in the "cipher manuscript" > that the Golden Dawn was founded upon came from and does anyone know > where the Invocation to Thoth used in the Conjuration to Visible > Manifestation of the Spirit Taphthartharath performed by Florence > Farr, Alan Bennet, (and the other two participants) and which is now > used in Aleister Crowley's "Liber Israfel" , came from? Was it from an > ancient Egyptian source, or did the ritualists make it up? Was there a > record of the result of this ritual? > > And also, Al Billings, what is your study 'angle' regarding the Golden > Dawn again, can you remind me. Thanks. > > > ~Caroline. -- Christopher I. Lehrich Boston University