You forgot to mention blogs. You also forgot to mention websites not affiliated with mailing lists. In practice, blogs and web sites are often the sites of the most egregious examples of defamation. If individuals are concerned about privacy then they should either not post or post to closed lists without public archives. If they are concerned about having someone "pounce" on what they have publicly written, then they shouldn't write outrageous stuff to begin with. To _expose_ (what one has said and written in public) is not the same as to defame. Jerry