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On 12/18/05, jacqueline simpson <[log in to unmask]> wrote: > I've traced one very early allusion to tempestarii, in > a treatise written c. 815 by Archbishop Agobard of > Lyons, saying people believed that they raised winds > which brought storm-clouds & thunder to cut down > harvests, and that the crops are then gathered by > ships which sail among the clouds and carried away > through the air to tyhe land of Magonia. The last edition of the Agobard text was: De grandine et tonitruis, in van Acker, L. (ed.). Agobardi Lugdunensis Opera Omnia [Corpus Christianorum: Continuatio mediaeualis ; 52] [pp. 3-15]. Turnholti : Brepols An online English translation by W. J. Lewis could be found here: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/Agobard-OnHailandThunder.html On about the question, see: Dutton, Paul Edward (1995). Thunder and Hail over the Carolingian Countryside, in Sweeney, Del (ed.), _Agriculture in the Middle Ages. Technology, Practice, and Representation [pp. 111-137]. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press For a re-evalutation of the Magonia history see: Brodu, Jean-Louis (1995). Magonia: A Re-Evaluation, in Moore, Steve (ed.) _Fortean Studies. Volume 2_. London: John Brown (unfortunately, I haven't here my copy of this book, so I couldn't provide the numbers of the pages) Best regards, Roberto