It helps to recall that the turn to narrative has also included a natural return to and a revisionist take on the psychoanalytical, its literature and its narrative approach and this is well reported (see Hollway & Jefferson 2000; McAdams et al 1997, for examples). Hollway and Jefferson (2000: 78) reminded us that psychoanalysis is, after all, an art and not a science. Further, Rustin remarked that psychoanalysis was unusual among the social sciences "in rejecting the opposition between scientific and imaginative methods, between typification and the investigation of the particular" (Rustin in Chamberlayne et al 2000: 37). Gergen alerted us to the concept that, in our attempts to generate intelligibility, we must inevitably draw from preceding traditions. This is accomplished by integration of preceding intelligibilities and realignment of existing ones and their practices (Gergen 2001: 430). ...
It comes as no surprise, then, when reading stories about and by people and with a brief to taking an analytical viewpoint that the language of psychoanalytical discourse comes to the forefront. The point to be made through the analyses presented in this work and their glissements into a 'psycho speak' of a particular variety is that this "integration of preceding intelligibilities" is accomplished by allowing the investigators to remain transparent and active participants in the story making. Not exercises in truth or falsehood, these investigations were polyvocal attempts at interfacing with cultural/relational/linguistic accounts of the real. They are, therefore, interpretations and not truths in the positivistic sense. On the other hand, did we, "in our attempts at some sort a truth (Verisimo) stumble onto a synthesis after all, a moment of revelation that truly is wrenched by the individual in his/her self-knowing and revealed to us" (Jones 2000: [22])? ...
A leap to disbelief may ultimately be more problematic than any overemphasis on a psychological explanation, in whatever theoretical guise, in this research's conclusions. The fact that these were the messages that interview participants wished to convey to another human being speaks to their natural abilities to communicate within a dialogic world, who they are and how those messages were received and interpreted. Conversely, only to notice what the interviewee is saying, in a way helping them to accentuate consistency and suppress contradiction in their stories through the analytical process, would overlook or ignore a lot of the evidence scattered around in the data -inconsistencies, contradictions, changes of tone and other textual interruptions (Hollway & Jefferson 2000: 57; Jones 2001). This is why the reflecting team approach to data analysis is so productive in bringing to our attention both detail and contradictions-bringing different points-of-view to the data whilst still allowing the interviewee his/her voice.
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The Biographic
Narrative Interpretive Method has much to say, in fact, about the formal
interpretive process (see Wengraf 2001; Jones 2004). Still, it is important to
emphasize that interpretation on the part of the researcher begins early, even
within the interview. During the
initial encounter, the researcher is often making and dealing with subconscious
observations whilst maintaining a position of active listener. Through the procedure of note taking in
the first subsession of the interview, the researcher begins a process of
interpretation, making choices about which areas of the story should be explored
further in the second subsession. Subconscious thoughts are brought into the
interpretive process through such note taking; post-interview debriefing (with
oneself or others) follows the interview sessions and is inherently
interpretive. Later, when the
interviewer (preferably) types the transcript of the interview, further
reflection and notation takes place. Further hearings of the tape recorded
interview produce additional insights and interpretations which are diaried by
the researcher as well. When
constructing the Lived Life and selecting passages of the Told Story for team
analysis, again, the interpretative skills of the researcher come into
play.