>>>>> On Tue, 8 Feb 2005 19:19:48 +0100, Karsten Specht <[log in to unmask]> said: Karsten> The scaling on the second level is only useful, if your are Karsten> going to analyses other images than con_images; MRI-Perfusion Karsten> images or PET images, for example. Here, it is necessary, Karsten> that the global mean is the same across subjects. In case of Karsten> a 'classical' second level analysis, you are analysing the Karsten> con-images, which are already appropriately scaled, Karsten> i.e. positive values are reflecting a signal increase, Karsten> negative values a decrease and the value itself represents Karsten> somewhat like the strength of the effect. Dear Karsten, I'm trying to compare fractional anisotropy map of a patient with control database created from 26 normal volunteers to detect lesions after normalization and smoothing of all of them. What do you recommend in this kind of study (one patient compared with multiple controls), use global scaling & grand mean or skip them? I would really appreciate any help in advance. -- Kohkichi Hosoda M.D. Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo Emergency Medical Center/Kobe Red Cross Hospital, 1-3-1 Wakinohama-Kaigan-Dori, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 651-0073, JAPAN Telephone 078-241-3131 Fax 078-241-2772 e-mail address : [log in to unmask]