Dear Ricardo 'gender' is one of the greatest social constructions of all time. 'gender' for sure is not innate. maybe feminist list members can enlighten us on this. this is not meant to nic-pick on one single sentence of your post. but behind this single sentence lies an important issue researchers must face. that is how we define/think of concepts and do our research, might have some serious consequences to people who don't participate in defining and studying those concepts but must live through the consequences of them. all the best for the new year! rosan Ricardo wrote: > Here is an interesting report from London University that illustrates the > interaction between innate characteristics and situational factors. > Apparently gender is an innate determinant of disciplinary performance, but > not ethnicity.