Adrian Fogarty <[log in to unmask]> wrote: And as for the four Hs and four Ts, this mnemonic refers only, of course, to the preventable causes of EMD (PEA) that are traditionally taught on ALS courses. These causes probably, however, only account for a minority of all cases of EMD seen in practice. Most causes of this condition are inherently untreatable, for example, massive MI leading to global ventricular akinesia, septal rupture, ventricular rupture etc. --> I believe not! (In reference to your statement about these causes causing a MINORITY of PEA) I believe you will find that hypoxia and poor airway are a common cause, although one tends to at least begin correcting it before one gets to actively going through the "list" of causes.