Jenny Advocat wrote on Sun, 18 Jul 2004 03:44:14 +0000
[re Filc D. The medical text: between biomedicine and hegemony. Soc Science Med 2004; 59: 1275-1285.

In response to the critique of Filc’s article in Social Science and Medicine, I have a couple of comments:

Firstly, the article is a critique of specific articles in a specific journal, which are analysed to illustrate the way(s) in which the social dimensions of health/illness are often neglected in biomedicine.  It is not a condemnation of all things biomedical (see bottom of page 1276, particularly the inclusion of Lupton).  Secondly, the article is one of a long tradition within the social sciences to critique current practice within biomedicine.  Wouldn’t it be possible, more useful, as well as more interesting, to consider the ways in which a critique like this may intersect with the philosophy of EBM—instead of so quickly attempting to delegitimise it? (Really, this article reflects rigorous social scientific work, and in my opinion it is simply wrong, as well as not useful, to compare it to the Sokal hoax; taking the critique down the path of pop-‘post-modernism’ seems just silly, and unfair, to me). The article may (or may not) leave some things to be desired by proponents of EBM, but I would argue that in order for any of us (social scientists and EBM proponents) to succeed in practicing interdisciplinarity we should use articles such as this one to open up discussions around the methods that could be used to work towards common goals such as improving health care practices etc….  If there is (and I think there probably is) critical reflection within EBM, this should be articulated in a critique of this article.  At present, it is not well articulated and in characteristic defensiveness the response has, instead, been to simply bring up the fact of consumer input…which does not speak to the point made in this article: simply that biomedical research and practice does not often include a consideration of the social dimension of people’s lives.  More interestingly, I think, this article and the response to it, point to starkly different epistemologies guiding EBM and the social sciences. Our job, then, is to discover how these different ways of thinking may be brought together to achieve common goals.

I apologize for opening a discussion of the Filc article based only on a reading of its abstract.  Yet, having now read the article, I do not think I was mislead by its abstract. 

I beg to strongly differ with Ms. Advocat's message.  I do not see how the Filc article could be regarded as merely a critique of health care practices, particularly evidence-based medicine, and a plea for a multi-disciplinary approach to health care research. 

Filc expressed the belief expressed frequently by post-modernists that there is no external reality; that reality is constructed by social processes.  For example, the article scolded biomedicine for "its lack of awareness that the construction and evaluation of 'scientific data' are social processes." (See p. 1276.)  It also scoffed at "'evidence-based medicine' [which] is based on a naive realistic epistemology that considers 'facts' to have an existence of their own, rather than being, at least partially, theory-dependent; and which holds scientific research to be the means of knowing the truth."

Thus this article seemed to embody The Liar=s Paradox, which has been stated, AI am lying now,@ AThis statement is false,@ or AThe following statement is true.  The preceding statement is false.@ Although it cannot be refuted, believing this paradox could be fatal in everyday life, and hence it is highly doubtful that post-modernists who proclaim it actually live their lives according to it.  For example, Sokal challenged those Awho believe that the laws of physics are mere social convention@ to transgress those conventions from the windows of his 21st floor apartment.  Nobody took him up on his offer.  (See Sokal AD. Transgressing the boundaries: an afterword. Dissent 1996; 43: 93-99.)

Filc, and other post-modernists, are not merely critiquing evidence-based medicine.  They are attacking its fundamental underpinnings.  How the notion that reality is socially constructed may "intersect with the philosophy of EBM" is totally beyond me.  Those of us who support evidence-based medicine ignore the post-modern challenge at our own peril. 

(Note that since Filc regards, at least on paper, reality to be socially constructed, and facts to belong in quotation marks, this removes any restraints to base arguments on evidence and logic.  Thus, Filc did not shrink from making a variety of controversial claims without citing any logic or evidence to justify them.  These include the "business-like" orientation of evidence-based medicine (on p. 1277); evidence-based medicine's emphasis on the need to control costs (on p. 1278); tiredness as a product of Israeli society (1279); gender division in Israeli society "makes women work twice" (1279); Israeli people's inability to choose their "physical activity" (presumably to any degree) (1280); and that the uterus and child-bearing are not "women specific" (1283). )



 

Roy M. Poses MD
Brown University Center for Primary Care and Prevention
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