Jenny Advocat wrote on Sun, 18 Jul
2004 03:44:14 +0000
[re Filc D. The medical text: between
biomedicine and hegemony. Soc Science Med 2004; 59: 1275-1285.
In response to the critique of
Filc’s article in Social Science and Medicine, I have a couple of
comments:
Firstly, the article is a critique of specific articles in a specific
journal, which are analysed to illustrate the way(s) in which the social
dimensions of health/illness are often neglected in biomedicine. It
is not a condemnation of all things biomedical (see bottom of page 1276,
particularly the inclusion of Lupton). Secondly, the article is one
of a long tradition within the social sciences to critique current
practice within biomedicine. Wouldn’t it be possible, more useful,
as well as more interesting, to consider the ways in which a critique
like this may intersect with the philosophy of EBM—instead of so quickly
attempting to delegitimise it? (Really, this article reflects rigorous
social scientific work, and in my opinion it is simply wrong, as well as
not useful, to compare it to the Sokal hoax; taking the critique down the
path of pop-‘post-modernism’ seems just silly, and unfair, to me). The
article may (or may not) leave some things to be desired by proponents of
EBM, but I would argue that in order for any of us (social scientists and
EBM proponents) to succeed in practicing interdisciplinarity we should
use articles such as this one to open up discussions around the methods
that could be used to work towards common goals such as improving health
care practices etc…. If there is (and I think there probably is)
critical reflection within EBM, this should be articulated in a critique
of this article. At present, it is not well articulated and in
characteristic defensiveness the response has, instead, been to simply
bring up the fact of consumer input…which does not speak to the point
made in this article: simply that biomedical research and practice does
not often include a consideration of the social dimension of people’s
lives. More interestingly, I think, this article and the response
to it, point to starkly different epistemologies guiding EBM and the
social sciences. Our job, then, is to discover how these different ways
of thinking may be brought together to achieve common goals.
I apologize for opening a discussion of the Filc article based only on a
reading of its abstract. Yet, having now read the article, I do not
think I was mislead by its abstract.
I beg to strongly differ with Ms. Advocat's message. I do not see
how the Filc article could be regarded as merely a critique of health
care practices, particularly evidence-based medicine, and a plea for a
multi-disciplinary approach to health care research.
Filc expressed the belief expressed frequently by post-modernists that
there is no external reality; that reality is constructed by social
processes. For example, the article scolded biomedicine for
"its lack of awareness that the construction and evaluation of
'scientific data' are social processes." (See p. 1276.) It
also scoffed at "'evidence-based medicine' [which] is based on a
naive realistic epistemology that considers 'facts' to have an existence
of their own, rather than being, at least partially, theory-dependent;
and which holds scientific research to be the means of knowing the
truth."
Thus this article seemed to embody
The
Liar=s
Paradox, which has been stated,
AI
am lying
now,@
AThis
statement is
false,@
or
AThe
following statement is true. The preceding statement is
false.@
Although it cannot be refuted, believing this paradox could be fatal in
everyday life, and hence it is highly doubtful that post-modernists who
proclaim it actually live their lives according to it. For example,
Sokal challenged those
Awho
believe that the laws of physics are mere social
convention@
to transgress those conventions from the windows of his 21st floor
apartment. Nobody took him up on his offer. (See Sokal AD.
Transgressing the boundaries: an afterword. Dissent 1996; 43:
93-99.)
Filc, and other post-modernists, are not merely critiquing
evidence-based medicine. They are attacking its fundamental
underpinnings. How the notion that reality is socially constructed
may "intersect with the philosophy of EBM" is totally beyond
me. Those of us who support evidence-based medicine ignore the
post-modern challenge at our own peril.
(Note that since Filc regards, at least on paper, reality to be socially
constructed, and facts to belong in quotation marks, this removes any
restraints to base arguments on evidence and logic. Thus, Filc did
not shrink from making a variety of controversial claims without citing
any logic or evidence to justify them. These include the
"business-like" orientation of evidence-based medicine (on p.
1277); evidence-based medicine's emphasis on the need to control costs
(on p. 1278); tiredness as a product of Israeli society (1279); gender
division in Israeli society "makes women work twice" (1279);
Israeli people's inability to choose their "physical activity"
(presumably to any degree) (1280); and that the uterus and child-bearing
are not "women specific" (1283). )
Roy M. Poses MD
Brown University Center for Primary Care and Prevention
Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island
111 Brewster St.
Pawtucket
RI 02860
USA
401 729-3400
fax 401 729-2494
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