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Dear Kuno-san and all, > stakeholder. But in Japanese disability studies, it is usually > used to refer disabled people only, and not include other In disability context, I normally take "tojisha" to simply mean disabled people. In other context, for instance, of cancer, a person with a cancer is "tojisha". Perhaps most literally it refers to people are most directly affected or involved and does not have an easy equivalent in other languages including English. In Japanese disability context, it serves both as an expression of agency and as an euphemism of disabled people. The book by Nakanish and Ueno refers to disabled people, women, children, seniors, patients etc. all as "tojisha". More plainly, "tojisha" in a traffic accident, both the driver, who knocked over a pedestrian, and the victim (pedestrian) are "tojisha" in Japanese. Of course, Kuno-san knows all of this, in fact, without which it is not easy to find an English equivalent. Many people do use this term but you can live without this term. At least I do. Best. Nagase ________________End of message______________________ Archives and tools for the Disability-Research Discussion List are now located at: www.jiscmail.ac.uk/lists/disability-research.html You can JOIN or LEAVE the list from this web page.