I am sure that I am not alone
in considering the Bristol CHAT conference to have been extremely successful ,
informative and thought-provoking - speaking for myself, it was one of the best
conferences I've been to in a while. I was therefore very pleased to see
that it was to be followed up at the TAG conference with a substantial session
which I hoped would bring the developments in the area to the attention of a
wider audience. Unfortunately, I found myself extremely disappointed
by the tone of the event. Inevitably the
content and presentation of the papers was of variable quality, but this is
hardly new for TAG (or indeed any conference - and as an abysmal public speaker
myself, I am hardly in a position to criticise on this point!). What was
most worrying was the apparent attempt to define the scope of CHAT with a series
of exclusionary boundaries, erected by the some members of the organising
committee. It is not, apparently, acceptable to be:
A 'train-spotter' or 'anorak'
American
A prehistorian
The justification for these
exclusionary statements is difficult to understand. Excellent papers were
presented in Bristol by American students and academics and there is a tradition
of good work in the US which it seems merely ignorant to ignore or
downplay. Yes, there is also poor quality work undertaken there - but are
we in Britain really in such a strong position in this regard? I think
not. Paul Blinkhorn, Adrian Chadwick and myself, amongst others (including
both RESCUE and the CBA), have documented, so far as we are able, situations in
which work has been carried out which does not meet even the most basic
standards of professionalism (or, in some cases, competence). At the
present time the Ministry of Defence, Odyssey Marine and Giffords are working
together to recover gold and silver the wreck of HSM Sussex for
sale - I won't cite a whole list of cases (although I could) but a phrase
about 'glass houses' and 'throwing stones' comes to mind. Telling our
American colleagues that their work is 'crap' (if I remember the word
correctly) hardly seems a usefulway of promoting dialogue or contact between us
or, most importantly, of enabling those whose interest in archaeology is not
primarily commercial, of making common cause with the aim of improving standards
and criticising those who are motivated by profit.
The charge that those of us
who are engaged in data collection and allied tasks are 'train-spotters' or
'anoraks' is one that is so familiar to ceramicists as to be hardly even
irritating any more. But is it a useful way to go about characterising a
fundamental part of the archaeological process?. One of the aspects that
has drawn me to the study of the recent past is the wealth of data that can be
brought to the tasks of interpretation and explanation. Why stigmatise the
very people who have collected and published this data, recorded sites and
documents and ensured the preservation of particular parts of the past (notably
the industrial past) for the sake of a supposedly amusing 'sound bite'?
If, in the course of a desktop assessment (to take one example), I encounter an
industrial site, a railway, an inclined plane or whatever, I know that I
can pick up the telephone and talk to a member of the local Industrial History
Society - I am certain of a interested response, of free access to information,
discussion and assistance on every level. That I lack a background in the
study of the feature in question is never raised - the concern is always with
the issue at hand. This information has been gathered over many years by
people working for nothing and motivated by their love of the subject and their
commitment to the history of their area. I find it potentially
embarrassing to think that such people could come to a CHAT conference and find
their work ridiculed by the application terms such as 'anorak' or
'train-spotter'. While archaeology is most certainly about interpretation
and explanation, these processes must be
founded on solid data if they are to be any more than mere stories.
Without data we are no better than the pagans and others who make up nonsense
about 'sacred sites' and 'ancient wisdom'. Why can't we acknowledge this
with good grace and perhaps deploy our rhetorical abilities to attack those who
deserve it? Clearly there is a new interest in approaching historical
archaeology from a critical or self-consciously 'theoretical' standpoint - this
is one of the things that makes CHAT so exciting, but in order to do this, is it
really necessary to ridicule other people and their work? If so, then this
is not an arena in which I wish to participate. I'd rather use such
rhetorical and authorial skills as I possess for attacking people to whom
archaeology is merely the contamination of a profitable building site, a drain
on public resources that could be better spent on junkets for local councillors
or the opportunity to loot a historic wreck for gold and silver (to take
but three examples).
As for prehistorians - what is
the problem here? I wrote my PhD thesis on the production and exchange of
late Iron Age slip decorated pottery in central Europe (second to first century
BC). I consider that whatever merits my recent work on medieval,
post-medieval and later pottery has (and obviously this must be for others to
judge), it is founded upon what I learned while a prehistorian (and
have I ever stopped being this person? I think not). There may
be reasons within academic politics for splitting the profession into ever
smaller and smaller units, but for those of us who are not confined within the
academic system, these are of little or no interest (indeed, at times they
appear almost risible - the stuff of a Malcolm Bradbury novel). I consider
myself to be an archaeologist - I have certain areas in which I have
built up (and continue to accumulate) a certain amount of experience and
knowledge - these are period and material based (Pottery: Iron Age,
post-Conquest medieval, post-medieval, early modern, recent), practical
(creation of usable archaeological archives, on-site processing and treatment of
finds) and theoretical (economic archaeology, approaches to material culture,
archaeology and politics). Am I supposed to shed some or all of these
complementary experiences when I enter the CHAT environment? If so,
why? And at whose behest? My reaction is simply to say 'damn you'
and continue with what I do and what I enjoy doing while in the
process making such contributions to the wider discipline as I am
able. After Christmas I shall receive 400 sherds of Iron Age pottery
from a crop-mark site in West Yorkshire. I shall also be
participating in the work on the Alderly Sandhills site - Am I expected to
disregard the one in favour of the other? The Iron Age assemblage is of
quite exceptional regional importance ... Alderley is an unusual and exciting
opportunity to be involved in an innovative project - why should I make
comparisons between them? And why should I be judged for the one rather
than the other?
It would be regretable, after
the promising start made in Bristol, if CHAT were to become, or appear to become
(for I am sure that some, perhaps most, of the more extreme statements made
were unintentionally offensive and overly programmatic) a mere clique of
self-regarding back-slappers. TAG is conspicuous as a loose organisation which
successfully avoided this ghettoisation and has influenced even those who have
criticised it. In my view we should learn from this example and seek to be
inclusive in our approach to historical archaeology, to respect the work of
other people (and this does not preclude useful critique or robust
argument by any means) and to create an informal structure which enables
and supports rather than divides and alienates. To do the latter will
ensure nothing more than marginalisation and irrelevance. To do the former
will strengthen us when we face those forces which are hostile to archaeology as
a whole.
Chris Cumberpatch