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Dan's point about the drive towards similarity/cateogrisation IPA is a valuable one in this discussion. One major reason why this has become a long discussion is that IPA symbology/categories muddy the waters for many people: the categories themselves aren't the problem though, but rather the fact that linguists often get stuck in them rather than observing properly and being interested in variation.

There's little (beyond the linguistic preference for categorical perception) that stops a good phonetician from observing/describing a fair amount of phonetic variation (even with the IPA as *one* of the tools), so I was surprised to see Bob discounting traditional phonetic observation. Sure, within-speaker and between-speaker variation are not going to be as precisely accessible as experimental methods *sometimes* permit, but without the initial careful observation by decent phoneticians, many questions for experimental investigation wouldn't arise.

Duncan
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Dr Duncan Markham
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