 |
 |
Dear Ken, Harold, Erik, Terry Everyone. Summer is wonderful because it takes you away when things get challenging. Harold said and I agree "I suspect that judgment and decision-making are distinct processes and that one is not a subset of the other. But I also believe they are quite interrelated systemically." I understand judgment to be a function of Evaluative thinking which contributes to decision making, but is not entirely responsible for it. With Terry, I believe that feelings underpin intent, and, further, that decision making is focused and managed through intent. Judgment, in my view, is an intentional dictate (i.e. the application of intentional criteria ) and is informed by prior experience (through reflective thinking a la Schon and Argyris - which incorporates social and cultural conditioning through an autobiographical self a la Damasio). One can not apply judgment without a situation or some intent regarding it and cannot do so effectively without feeling about and interpreting the situation in light of prior experience (i.e., whatever knowledge and background is thought to be relevant.) Re Cameron's post: I would argue that aesthetic judgment is quite different from and not causally related to ethical judgment (although one may experience aesthetic pleasure in response to an ethically perceived situation). Aesthetic judgment is much more situated, immediate and felt. Ethical judgment is much more acquired, and referential across different situations. I think they are keyed to different modes of thinking, the one formative the other reflective. It would take a longer post to explain why but I think other kinds of judgment are keyed to modes of thinking too (i.e. judgment of success is keyed to intent, etc.) Ken Re: Langer and Sternberg. I believe that Langer doesn't really get to the structure of mindfulness to the same degree that Dan Schacter does in the Seven Sins of Memory or that Roger Schank does in his Dynamic Memory Revisited or Engines for Education(although I haven't read all of Langer's work.) I sometimes feel that Sternberg is too much focused on trying to write a popular "how to" book without really penetrating the problems he is trying to address - his Thinking styles seem to much like "just so" stories and demolishing IQ measurement isn't what it is about anymore. But then both authors say a lot of wise and useful things. Schacter, D. L.2001: The seven Sins of Memory: How the Mind Forgets and Remembers, Houghton Mifflin,NJ Schank, R.C. 1999 Dynamic Memory Revisited, Cambridge University Press Schank, R.C. and Cleary C. 1995, Engines for Education, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ Sternberg, R.J,1997: Successful Intelligence: How practical and creative intelligence determine success in life. Robert J. Sternberg,1997:Thinking Styles, Cambridge University Press Langer,Ellen J.1997 The Power of Mindful Learning, Addison Wesley, NY Dr. Charles Burnette 234 South Third Street Philadelphia, PA 19106 Tel: +215 629 1387 e-mail: [log in to unmask] -----Original Message----- From: PhD-Design - This list is for discussion of PhDs in Design [mailto:[log in to unmask]]On Behalf Of Ken Friedman Sent: Saturday, August 16, 2003 12:06 AM To: [log in to unmask] Subject: Phronesis, Judgment, Wisdom Dear Chuck, Thank you for a fine post. These issues bring in the relevance of judgment. The discourse of phronesis that goes back to Aristotle's Nichomachean Ethics appears again in the professional context of described by Donald Schon and Chris Argyris under the headings of reflective practice and organizational learning. In a larger context, this can be framed in the concept of mindfulness in Ellen Langer's work, or Robert Sternberg's work on judgment. Yours, Ken -- Ken Friedman, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Leadership and Strategic Design Department of Leadership and Organization Norwegian School of Management Visiting Professor Advanced Research Institute School of Art and Design Staffordshire University