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On the matter of contradicting or misleading oneself as compared to others, may I recommend an excellent book: Herbert Fingarette _Self Deception_ , Routledge 1969. Fingarette assumes self deception is possible (contextualised with Sartre amongst others) and attempts to account for it. Michael Biggs At 23:13 11/09/2003 -0400, klaus krippendorff wrote: >ken, > >thanks for the reference. i'll check it out. i know the generally normative >nature of aristotelian writing. > >i think there is more to it though, and i would say that "one cannot >consciously contradict oneself," which is not to say that one cannot lie to >others, >use contradictions deliberately, contradict the arguments of others, or >recognize >in retrospect that a previous statement contradicts with one that one >now believes to be true. > >this aristotelian proposition is one of the few that can be embodied >in one's own epistemology and then becomes very consequential as >suggested in my previous post > >klaus > >klaus krippendorff >gregory bateson term professor for cybernetics, language, and culture >the annenberg school for communication >university of pennsylvania >3620 walnut street >philadelphia, pa 19104.6220 >phone: 215.898.7051 (O); 215.545.9356 (H) >fax: 215.898.2024 (O); 215.545.9357 (H) >usa > > >-----Original Message----- >From: PhD-Design - This list is for discussion of PhDs in Design >[mailto:[log in to unmask]]On Behalf Of Ken Friedman >Sent: Saturday, September 06, 2003 12:17 AM >To: [log in to unmask] >Subject: Aristotle's Principle of Non-Contradiction -- reply to Klaus >Krippendorff > > >Dear Klaus, > >You are probably seeking Aristotle's principle of >non-contradiction. It appears somewhere in The >Organon, but I am not sure where. He also defends >the law in The Metaphysics. > >The principle is a rule of Aristotelian logic stating >that something cannot both be and not be at the >same time in the same respect. > >Rather than stating that someone CAN not contradict >himself, Aristotle states that we MAY or SHOULD >not contradict ourselves if our statements are to >be meaningful or logical. > >Together with the law of identity and the law of >the excluded middle, the law of non-contradiction >constitutes the laws of thought that many logicians >and philosophers define as the foundation of valid >logical inference. (I'm not defending every element >of this statement, but answering your question in >terms of Aristotelian logic. For example, the challenge >that fuzzy logic provides to the law of the excluded >middle accounts for the furor that fuzzy logic >occasions in some circles. Similarly, Korzbsky's >non-Aristotelian logics also created some fuss on >similar principles.) > >If I can locate my Organon or my Metaphysics >in the dramatically non-excluded middle of my >study, I will report on the exact location of >Aristotle's discourses on these topics. > >Yours, > >Ken > >-- > >Klaus Krippendorff wrote, > >"along this thread, aristotle is supposed to have put forth a law saying >that >you can't contradict yourself. i consider this to be correct but wonder if >anyone knows the name of that law or has a reference for me to check this >out." > >-- > >-- > >Ken Friedman, Ph.D. >Associate Professor of Leadership and Strategic Design >Department of Leadership and Organization >Norwegian School of Management > >Visiting Professor >Advanced Research Institute >School of Art and Design >Staffordshire University ************************************************************ Dr Michael A R Biggs Associate Dean (Research) Reader in Visual Communication Faculty of Art and Design, University of Hertfordshire College Lane, Hatfield, Herts. AL10 9AB United Kingdom Telephone +44 (0)1707 285341 Fax +44 (0)1707 285350 E-mail [log in to unmask] Internet http://www.herts.ac.uk/artdes/research/creac/html/intrombiggs.html Coordinator of the Centre for Research into Practice http://www.herts.ac.uk/artdes/research/cr2p/index.htm ************************************************************