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Douglas Fir often used for mine timbering, as it gives "warning" before failure, where as the hard woods tend to load up to the failure point & then suddenly fail catastrophically. There are also accounts of Baltic Pitch Pine being brought up from Deveran on the Redruth & Chasewater Railway as well being used in Devon Great Consols. Just as a matter of interest, Elm is also traditionally used for the spokes & buckets of water wheels, due to its tolerance to wet conditions. Regards, Bob Orchard ----- Original Message ----- From: "Rick Stewart" <[log in to unmask]> To: <[log in to unmask]> Sent: Sunday, 2 March 2003 11:25 Subject: Pit timbers > Over the last four years the Tamar Mining Group have done a fair amount of > serious digging and we have found that in critical places such as fluccan > runs that the timber of choice is elm. The great thing with elm is that > it "works" either wet or dry. Having dug out elm a couple of centuries old > we have found that it is in such good condition that we have re used it in > crib work etc. > > Rick Stewart > Tamar Mining Group