After concerns were expressed that anyone could set themselves up as a colliery manager, and that a standard should be set, the Coal MInes Act of August 1872 contained the requirement that colliery managers should hold a statutory certificate. The requirement was initially postponed, but was passed soon after. Problems had arisen with the appointment of examiners and the award of service certificates to persons who had been carrying out the job for many years. Thus, since 1872, every colliery manager must hold a "First-Class Certificate of Competency" to show that he has met the required standard. I think that today most would call themselves "certificated" rather than "certified". Barry Job, certificate No. 10690. Barry Job. Eur. Ing. Dr. Barry Job, Department of Geology, School of Sciences, Staffordshire University, College Road, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 2DE.