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sorry . . . in the message i just sent a crucial passage has a word missing . . . here is the document again: in the passage in question, in the first paragraph, the missing word has been added in CAPS: ============================================== sorry to have to carp, but this is a fascinating subject, and one that i think invites more scrupulous attention . . . for example, in "psycho," when we hear the voice of norman as mother saying that he/she "wouldn't hurt a fly" the character in the film whose voice we hear is NOT at all the narrator of the film but simply the object of the film's narration, just a lying character whose lies we register as lies in short, we in the audience are being invited by the film to recognize the unreliability of the voice we hear on the soundtrack . . . to the extent that we -- in the audience -- are not misled, even temporarily, the narration [that is, the narration or address OF the film; not some narrator IN the film's diegesis] is not unreliable unreliable narration requires that the film [not a character in the film] misrepresents the "truth" so that we in the audience are taken in by the misrepresentation . . . of course the film also has to clue us to the "truth" that is being misrepresented, otherwise we could never possibly know that the narration is unreliable . . . that's what makes the topic so slippery and also so interesting