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Hi, I think the idea behind visualising thoughts is the following: The diegesis of the film is the psyche of the protagonist. Everything that happens in the film happens inside the protagonist's mind. Thoughts work by association and get meaning by juxtaposition of shots. E.g. shot of the protagonist watching a film is followed by a shot of a child playing with a duck on the film footage . The next shot is of a live duck in a pond with the protagonist aiming a shotgun at it. The last shot is again that of protagonist watching the film footage. If there are no more shots dealing with the pond/duck scenario we probably just think that the protagonist hates ducks. But it can get a lot more complex. For example, if we don't cut back to the protagonist watching the film footage but to something completely different. The shots in a stream-of-consciousness-type movie serve one function and that is to illuminate the protagonist's thinking process. At least that's how I understand it. Best, Esther