----- Original Message ----- From: Victor Calland v=u+at (where v= final velocity, u= initial speed & t= time in seconds), therefore when v=0 then u=at. Correction and apologies! Your algebra is just fine Vic, you just put it a different way from me! It's my fault for being a self taught physicist I suppose... Adrian Fogarty P.S. I don't envy your task of getting some of these punters out of their upside down vehicles. I'll stick to my resus room.