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Selva, If you have an access to the following book, the section on "stimulation of vital and related functions" (p 315-319) would be what you would like to review. proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (third ed) by Dorothy E. Voss, Marjorie K. Ionta, and Beverly J. Myers. Harper & Row pub. 1985 How is PNF used in India? Is is taught in PT school? Sachiko selva ganapathy wrote: > > Dear friends , > Where can i find information regarding "PNF Technique for the respiratory muscleS"?and also suggest me a good book ON "chest physiotherapy in ICU". > > Thanks in advance. > > With love > selva > > v.selvaganapathy > > physiotherapist > > dp&nr > > nimhans > > bangalore > > india > > --- [log in to unmask] wrote: > >Here is a revealing article on the effect of different types of pre-event= > >=20 > >stretching from the latest Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research:= > >=20 > >2001, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 332=E2=80=93336.=20=20 > > > >In showing that the popular and very misused popular interpretations of=20 > >so-called "PNF stretching" can be detrimental to subsequent performance, it= > >=20 > >confirms what I have been trying to show sports training groups over the pa= > >st=20 > >15 years about what PNF is and what it isn't, what it is good for and what = > >it=20 > >isn't good for from the point of view of its physiotherapeutic origins (my= > >=20 > >first lectures on this topic in the USA were at the NSCA conference in 1989= > >).=20 > > More detail on this subject of PNF usage in sport as both a neuromuscular= > >=20 > >activating and relaxing system of carefully prescribed, patterned movement= > >=20 > >appears in Ch 7 of Siff, M C, "Supertraining" 2000. On this forum we know= > >=20 > >well that PNF is far more than the very incomplete and misused supine=20 > >leg-pushing/holding method often seen being used by coaches, trainers and t= > >he=20 > >like. This article addresses precisely that misleading model of "PNF=20 > >stretching" which is applied by many ill-informed and poorly trained users. > > > >------------------------------- > > > >Effect of Warm-Up and Flexibility Treatments on Vertical Jump Performance > > > >J. Brian Church, Matthew S. Wiggins, F. Michael Moode, Randall Crist > > > >ABSTRACT > > > >Although different warm-up and flexibility routines are often prescribed=20 > >before physical activity, little research has been conducted to determine= > >=20 > >what effects these routines have on athletic performance in activities. The= > >=20 > >purpose of this investigation was to determine to what degree different=20 > >warm-up routines affect performance in the vertical jump test.=20 > > > >The 40 female participants were asked to perform on 3 nonconsecutive days: > > > >1. a general warm-up only,=20 > >2. a general warm-up and static stretching,=20 > >3. a general warm-up and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF)= > >=20=20 > > > >...The last treatment consisted of the same general warm-up, followed by=20 > >proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) of the hamstrings and=20 > >quadriceps muscle groups. The method used was the contract-relax=20 > >agonist-contract (CRAC). For this method, the subjects chose partners for= > >=20 > >assistance. In the CRAC > >method, the antagonist was passively stretched by the partner until the=20 > >subject felt tightness. This was followed by an isometric contraction of th= > >e=20 > >antagonist of the subject for 10 seconds. The subject then forcefully=20 > >contracted the agonist muscles for 10 seconds followed by another passive= > >=20 > >stretch of the antagonist. > >This procedure was repeated 3 times for each muscle group. Both legs were= > >=20 > >stretched in methods that isolated each leg individually. Alter provides a= > >=20 > >more detailed description of the CRAC procedure (2)..... > > > >In the present investigation, a decreased VJ performance was demonstrated i= > >n=20 > >the PNF group only. Because of similar increases in flexibility changes wit= > >h=20 > >each of the 3 treatments, it must be assumed that MTU (Muscle-Tendon Unit)= > >=20 > >compliance also equally changed. This might be explained by the fact that t= > >he=20 > >subjects were accustomed to the static stretching procedure or that the=20 > >amount of static stretching performed was not enough to cause a decrease in= > >=20 > >VJ performance. Another explanation may be that multiple stretching results= > >=20 > >in autogenic inhibition and fewer motor units available for contraction as= > >=20 > >others have theorized . This would explain why the CRAC procedure, which do= > >es=20 > >in fact require repeated bouts of stretching at the threshold of pain, was= > >=20 > >the only treatment that produced a decreased VJ performance. > > > >This investigation was specific to VJ performance. Specific skills require= > >=20 > >many different movements and speeds at different locations within the=20 > >complete ROM that require flexibility enhancement specific to that skill.= > >=20 > >Gymnastics, for example, requires a ROM that is a necessary and integral=20 > >component of success in that sport. Each sport should be evaluated so that= > >=20 > >adequate flexibility is attained and the ROM demands may be met to be=20 > >successful and injury free. > > > >Each of the treatments was followed by a vertical jump test. A 1-way=20 > >repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed a significant difference in= > >=20 > >vertical jump performance.=20 > > > >A post hoc analysis revealed decreased vertical jump performances for the P= > >NF=20 > >treatment group. Based on the results of this study, performing PNF before = > >a=20 > >vertical jump test would be detrimental to performance. > > > >...In conclusion, the PNF stretching treatment resulted in a decreased VJ= > >=20 > >performance compared with the no stretching and static stretching groups.= > >=20 > >Also, each treatment resulted in similar increases in flexibility of the=20 > >hamstring muscles. Results from the present investigation demonstrate that= > >=20 > >the longstanding belief > >that a more flexible muscle will produce better performances should be=20 > >re-examined. This study seems to indicate that the "more is better"=20 > >philosophy with regard to flexibility may be detrimental to performance in= > >=20 > >power activities. > > > >-------------------- > > > >Dr Mel C Siff > >Denver, USA > >http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Supertraining/ > > _____________________________________________________________ > Get a free email account for you from > http://www.angelfire.com/ri/muthukumar