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A useful tool in this area: Eileen Gardiner, Medieval visions of heaven and hell (New York: Garland, 1993). Tom Izbicki At 01:41 PM 1/5/2001 +0000, you wrote: >Following Maddy's comment, in fairness to colleagues, I should perhaps be >more specific. The Welsh medieval texts - unsurprisingly - do avail >themselves of all the traditional imagery of the pains of hell and its fire; >they also include, however, what seems to be more classical allusions to >(among other things) ice and swampy regions [eg. *oerwern / ia*]. This is, >of course, hardly unique to Wales, and presumably classical allusions are >the ultimate source for these images. Can anyone remember who first employed >Vergil et al. in their eschatological images? > >As an aside to this, Siôn Cent (c. 1370-1430), whose poems I am at present >editing, has an alarming array of images for the more unpleasant bits of the >afterlife, and one very interesting allusion to purgatory as *cwm y caith* >[lit. `the valley of the slaves']. This too may be known to others. > >Regards, > >Paul > > > >-----Original Message----- >From: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture >[mailto:[log in to unmask]]On Behalf Of >[log in to unmask] >Sent: 05 January 2001 10:47 >To: [log in to unmask] >Subject: Re: The "Hell Mouth" in medieval art & architecture. > > >Paul's posting about medieval Welsh literary images of Hell as an icy marsh >is interesting - the visual depiction of Hell, on the other hand (as in the >Doom over the chancel arch at Wrexham) is of flames. Another example of the >disparity between visual and literary imagery ? > >Maddy Gray