Hi Jenny, I don't have any actual papers on the topic, but using M&Ms to teach probability and relative frequency of occurrence is easy and fun to all ages. Go to http://www.m-ms.com/factory/history/faq1.html <http://www.m-ms.com/factory/history/faq1.html> to find facts about the distributions of colors in the different types of packaged M&Ms. Give each child a small package of the same type and have them count the colors. They can find which colors occur with more, less or the same frequency. Then open a package that they have never seen and have them guess how many of each color they expect. Be careful that they don't eat them before they count them (:>). Also, be prepared to discuss situations in which you expect a certain number and you get something totally out of the ordinary (outliers or statistical oddities). Good luck and have fun! Rgds mjg ([log in to unmask] ; 203-353-8100 x277) ======================================================================= From: [log in to unmask] [mailto:[log in to unmask]] Sent: Wednesday, January 31, 2001 2:22 AM To: [log in to unmask] Subject: teaching statistics to preschoolers Do you know any published papers on methods of teaching basic statistics to preschoolers (5-6 years old). Thank you Jenny Pange University of Ioannina