Hello SPMers, In a second level analysis I am getting essentially the same results with and without the covariate in the analysis. Also, the cluster-level corrected p-values are in some cases lower than the voxel-level uncorrected p-values. How can this be? In the first level analysis I am outputting contrast images from two sets of conditions for each of two gender groups. In the second level I am comparing the two groups (as advised) by means of a "Single-subject: conditions & covariates" analysis -as one subject, two conditions (groups as conditions) and one covariate. Is there some fault in this way of analysis? Please advise. With thanks, Brandall Y. Suyenobu Research Associate UCLA/CURE Neuroenteric Disease Program Veterans Administration Greater LA Healthcare System (310) 478-3711 ext 40580 [log in to unmask]