hi John Ashburner & spm a question about the warping routines in normalization. In a VBM study, I have some "activations" which pop up in the "central" grey matter areas eg hippocampus, thalamus, cingulate, etc. the patient sample are an elderly group whose scans were normalized to the standard SPM T1 template. is it possible that warping in the normalization process could have "pulled" the tissue out from central brain areas, reducing differences in cortical tissue and inflating differences in subcortical/limbic areas? how reliable are these results, given that I have normalised to the T1? I have tried normalizing to an AD template but normalization repeatedly fails producing a variety of oddly-shaped brains. are these activations likely to be unreliable? thanks chris summerfield dept. psychology columbia university