Erminia writes: " Note on stupidity: etymologically (being Italian it comes easy to me, the etymology of words: I am not trying to intellectualise the matter), it comes from the Latin stupor (the being amazed). So to be stupefied, it is to be subjected to the effects of something amazing which causes stupor. " Alas, Erminia, there are two problems here. One is the Etymological Fallacy (surely exploded since de Saussure was published early in the century) that the current meaning of words can be explained by an appeal to their semantic origins. But that aside, the etymology you propose is a little dubious. [With the usual reservations about first citation not necessarily being first use, etc. ...] Both "stupid" and "stupidity" first appear in English in the same work, a translation by the poet Robert Copland (fl. 1508-1547) of _The questyonary of cyrurgyens, with the fourth boke of the Terapentyke [sic] or methode curatyfe of C. Galyen_ by Guido de Cauliaco. This is published in England in 1541, and has the following: "For the fyrste speake ouer lyghtly and to imprudently, ... and the other are all togyther stupydes, sturdy, & lytygious." (defined by the OED under STUPID as: "3. Wanting in or slow of mental perception; lacking ordinary activity of mind; slow-witted, dull.") ... and "Nowe we must esteme the stupydyte or audacyte of the man. I say the stupidite yf he thynke to say well and the boldnes yf he fele hym selfe culpable to saye nothynge." (defined by the OED under STUPIDITY as: "4. Dullness or slowness of apprehension; gross want of intelligence.") Copland's translation of Guido's work on Galen would seem to be a one-off, as the next appearance of "stupidity" isn't recorded till 1568. Even more surprisingly, "stupid" doesn't reappear before 1605. As there are a relative wealth of instances of "stupidity" recorded after 1568 and before 1605, it would appear that (counterintuitively) "stupidity" was in fairly regular use +before+ "stupid". The OED [if we accept its authority here] gives separate etymologies for "stupid" and "stupidity": STUPID: ad. L. stupid-us, f. stup-ere to be stunned or benumbed. Cf. F. stupide (Rabelais), Sp., Pg. estúpido, It. stupido. STUPIDITY: ad. L. stupiditas, f. stupid-us: see stupid and -ity. Cf. F. stupidité, It. stupidità. But enough of these modern inferences!! Much more fun is to be found mousing around The Early Modern English Dictionary Database ( http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/english/emed/emedd.html ). There are 25 examples recorded, so I'll only give a selection. Cotgrave in 1611 defines both words: Stupide: [Stupide, benummed, sencelesse; dull, blockish, lumpish; amazed, appalled, astonied.] Stupidité. [Stupiditie, sencelesnesse; dullnesse, blockishnesse; astonishment, amazement.] And (with a bow to Erminia) here's Florio in 1598: Stupidità, stupiditie, astonishment, amazement, dullnes, or priuation of the sences, sodaine priuation or lacke of sence or feeling, benumming, astoniednes, dulnes or a trouble of the minde vpon a sodaine feare, not perceiuing. But enough of this stupidity ... Robin APPENDIX: As Robert Copland's poems aren't that easy to find, perhaps a sample might be of interest? Yes? No? Anyway ... A complaynt of them that be to soone maryed For as moche as many folke there be That desyre the sacramente of weddynge Other wyll kepe them in vyrgynye And wyll in chastyte be lyuynge Therfore I wyll put now in wrytynge In what sorowe these men lede theyr lyues That to soone be coupled to cursed wyues Now am I in grete myschefe and sorowe To soone I put my body in gage I lyue in care/nyght/euen/and morowe Lytell lacketh that I ne enrage To be to soone maryed I layde my gage Cursed be the tyme that I it euer knewe The deuyll haue his parte of maryage And of hym that me fyrste therto drewe My herte ryght yll dyd me counsell To a yonge woman me for to same To soone wedde there they dyd me compell Wherfore I holde my selfe in fame By god I swere and by his name I wyll all louers clene dyscourage That wolde not wt there wyll take them a dame And put them selfe in suche domage Better it were to be a man sauage Than to be take in that ylke lase Gentell galauntes flee that passage Besyde that waye loke that ye passe Go out of that waye that wyll the chase Go out of that waye or ye be loste Go ye therfro/tourne ye your face Go frome that waye to another coste Go ye thense my frendes I you praye Go ye therfro I you do praye Go ye frome that hote flambe of fyre Go ye therfro as I you saye Or ye wyll repente an other daye Go ye therfro full loude I crye Go ye fro the bonde of welawaye Whiche is the arke of all folye ...