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   Not an explanation or argument, but just a few random thoughts.

   Shakespeare's audience (as Gillian remarks) didn't have to go to the
theater for their Christianity; they got that in church.

   But surely it goes too far to say that Christian elements are
"rigorously excluded."  Just off hand I can think of the friar in Romeo
and Juliet, the dour dogmatic priest who reluctantly presides over
Ophelia's burial, also in Hamlet Claudius praying futilely for
repentance, the fake monk in Measure for Measure (a title taken
incidentally from the New Testament)...

   Many of the plays are set in pre-Christian eras.  Shakespeare was
never bothered by anachronisms of various kinds, but even he knew
enough not to have a Christian priest show up in ancient Athens.

   Christianity may not be prevalent in the plays exactly because it was
so deeply ingrained into society.  It can be assumed as part of the
cultural environment, and so doesn't need any special treatment.

   The Renaissance artistic world in general seems more pagan than
Christian.
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