It is good to some discussion on this
topic at last that takes us beyond the blind acceptance of technology good,
Internet better.
My own researches into this have shown
that where visitor numbers have increased it is because people have looked for
museums to visit in a given area using the Internet, rather than because they
have seen specific items they then want to see 'in the flesh'. That is,
these are people who would visit museums anyway. And museums that have had
websites for any length of time have tended to find that after an initial surge,
the numbers level off.
This, however, is trivial compared with
some of the major underlying assumptions on which computer-mediated access is
based and which have yet to be fully aired, despite the millions of pounds that
the government and many museums are spending.
The first of these sets of assumptions
are those being made about the 'newness' of computer-mediated access. The
technology is new. What it delivers is just a fancy sort of illustrated
book. Lots of text and a few pictures. Big deal.
Even more worrying are the assumptions
that are made about education and the educational use of computers.
Museums are fast becoming commodified - providing information to be
downloaded. Whatever happened to all the work that museum educators have
done over the last few decades to get rid of glass cases and to involve students
directly with the material culture to be found in museums? Wouldn't those
millions of pounds be better spent on employing more staff and making the real
objects more readily available to students. Digitising them and confining
them to a virtual existence is to remove 98% of that which makes their presence
and hands-on work with them unique. This whole aspect of emotional
contact, of exploration and self discovery that goes beyond looking at a picture
and learning a few facts (and face it, most kids just download and stick it into
a report) is lost with computer-mediated access.
We are also faced with the fact that what
goes onto the Internet is fixed, just as text in a museum is fixed.
Objects are taken out of context (even if a museum's entire collection is
virtually available, you cannot wander round it as easily as you can in real
space, making those serendipitous connections that are what help make
education).
Even more serious than those and many
other issues connected with the nature of education are the even more insidious
cultural biases that have yet to be addressed. Computer hardware and
software has grown out of the thinking of a tiny minority of people on the
planet. Their metaphysic (which is linear, materialistic, analytical,
and [they would have us believe] rational) is that of wealthy, white, young
men. This view of the world is so basic to the idea of computers and the
Internet that you cannot have the latter without the former. It is
cultural imperialism on a huge scale. After all, it is difficult enough
addressing the most vital issues of our time in conventional museums, but at
least exhibitions can be arranged so that people meet and talk and are given the
opportunity to experience the world in a way that is natural to others.
These issues which largely concern our connection with the world are, in most
respects, trans-rational, cyclical, spiritual and synthetic. They are the
concerns of most people who live on the planet today. Where these two
metaphysical stances collide is the point where most of the ecological, social
and religious problems we face are born. If museums wish to be taken
seriously in a cultural sense, we cannot shut out the very people we are
supposed to be including - those for whom a computer model of the world simply
does not accord with their vision of reality. And if we try,
increasingly, to channel an inclusive view of things through an exclusive
channel, we have nothing but trouble ahead.
I would like to add that I am not a
technophobe. I spend all day at my machine. I worked on computerized
cataloguing in the 1980s, have used them for administrative purposes and for
desk top publishing. As someone whose disability confines him to his
house, I find it indispensable. But unless we learn to look beyond the
advertising hype of the computer companies and the glamour of a new technology,
we will simply be erecting a new form of glass case in our museums and it will
take decades to dismantle them.
Graeme K
Talboys