I would appreciate any comments on entity accessibility through (indirect) use association as expressed in the pseudo code below. Page 103 of the M&R book Fortran 90/95 explained states: "A USE statement of the form USE module-name is regarded as a re-declaration of all the module entities inside the local scoping unit, with exactly the same names and properties. ..." Referring to the pseudo code it is clear that SUB21 in MOD2 can access SUB11 in MOD1 since MOD2 USEs MOD1. My question is: Can SUB31 in MOD3 access the entities I11 and SUB11 in MOD1 through indirect USE of MOD1 via MOD2? Thank you David Vowles. MODULE MOD1 PRIVATE PUBLIC :: SUB11 INTEGER, PUBLIC :: I11 CONTAINS SUBROUTINE SUB11(..) END SUBROUTINE SUB11 END MODULE MOD1 MODULE MOD2 USE MOD1 PRIVATE PUBLIC :: SUB21 CONTAINS SUBROUTINE SUB21(..) CALL SUB11(...) ! *** Access SUB11 through use association END SUBROUTINE SUB21 END MODULE MOD2 MODULE MOD3 USE MOD2 PRIVATE CONTAINS SUBROUTINE SUB31(..) I = I11 ! *** Access I11 through use association ??????????? CALL SUB11(...) ! *** Access SUB11 through use association ??????????? CALL SUB21(...) ! *** Access SUB21 through use association END SUBROUTINE SUB31 END MODULE MOD3