Thanks, Steve. The 'white mantle of churches' may not be wholly irrelevant. Charles Phythian-Adams, just back from a research foray on the Marches (the borderland of England and Wales), asked last week if we could really be sure that 'Whitchurch' places (of which there are one or two in that area) referred to whitewashed stone structures (the usual explanation). We don't know what proportion of churches were stone before the twelfth century; neither do we know how many of them were externally painted - some at least were... Graham ***************************************************************** Dr Graham Jones Stott Fellow Prifysgol Cymru / University of Wales Canolfan Uwchefrydiau Cymreig a Celtaidd / Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru / National Library of Wales Aberystwyth Ceredigion SY23 3HH Wales Tel: +44 (0)1970 626717, ext. 18 Fax: +44 (0)1970 627066 e-Mail: [log in to unmask] [log in to unmask] Web: http://users.aber.ac.uk/gkj/ http://www.le.ac.uk/elh/grj1/ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%