Cecilia, This is an extremely important question, as it raises among other things the very efficacy of bulls: if they were not well distributed, then how could any church be expected to know of, and to effect, the contents of these missives? I do not have the answer to this question. I am desparate for it. To go along your observation that Louis's canonization bull appears in breviaries, this seems to be standard fare with Peter of the Morrone / Celestine V and other canonized saints as well. I think we need to perceive canonization bulls as serving -- consciously or not (I do think it had to be consciously) -- as authoritative vitae of 'new' saints, and composed so that they could be divided into neat liturgical readings. Maybe we should organize a conference on this, in the hope of finding ways to tackle the problem. (Any informal meeting attached to such a conference, of course, would be referred to by those in the know as 'bull sessions'. Hardy hardy har.) Best wishes, George ----Original Message Follows---- Could any one either explain to me, or point me to a source that might explain to me, the dissemination of papal bulls around the year 1300. More specifically, what would be the mechanism for the dissemination of -- say for instance, Boniface's canonization bull of Saint Louis (1297), which enjoins at the end for all churches to celelbrate Louis' feast day on August 25. (This didn't happen, we know. In the initial century his celebration was really quite limited). I'm wondering how widely this text might have been known, and by whom. It does make its way into some breviaries mostly from Italy for matins readings. Any help would be, as always, hugely appreciated. cecilia gaposchkin * * * * * * * * George Ferzoco Office: Attenborough Tower 1112 Director, Italian Studies Office Tel ++ 44 (0)116 252 2654 University of Leicester Office Fax ++ 44 (0)116 252 2657 School of Modern Languages Sec. Tel ++ 44 (0)116 252 2680 University Road Sec. Fax ++ 44 (0)116 252 3633 LEICESTER LE1 7RH e-mail: [log in to unmask] UNITED KINGDOM http://www.le.ac.uk/ml/gpf2/gpf2.html List owner of italian-studies: http://www.mailbase.ac.uk/lists/italian-studies List owner of medieval-religion: http://www.mailbase.ac.uk/lists/medieval-religion _________________________________________________________________________ Get Your Private, Free E-mail from MSN Hotmail at http://www.hotmail.com. Share information about yourself, create your own public profile at http://profiles.msn.com. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%