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Cara E
Quando sono andato a Salo' mesi fa', abbiamo visitato un piccolo museo nella
villa di D'Annunzio.  Anche molto interessanti erano gli edifici nei giardini.
Ma non mi piaccono le poesie di D'Annunzio.  E tu?
G'issimo
massey susanne wrote:

> But it does seem fairly clear to me that fascism has a sexual
> > allure about it: that it is depraving, and that it appeals to a depraved
> > part of ourselves. I don't think an adequate account of fascism can be
> given
> > without taking into account its phantasmatic dimension, its libidinal
> > economy if you like.
>
> >
> > - Dom
>
> I see the point that Dom has made above, (the horror of the Nazis
> perversion) but,
> as for Mussolini and Italian Fascism, I can find historical
> verification to this observation only in the last phase of the War in
> connection to
> the crimes committed by some fascist officers who
> tried to keep alive the dying Regime, creating a Puppet Micro Republic in
> the town of Salo',
> as described by Pasolini in "Salo', o le dieci giornate di Sodoma." This is
> when the nightmare was at his peak
> of terror and the nightmare of World War ii close to an end. This  cluster
> of  "high-officers"  were in reality  vulgar criminals of the worst kind - I
> feel a disgust even to recall their actions which sprung out from a
> mentality which  was no less horrifying and perverse than that of the German
> Nazi.
>
> The problem related to the treatment of feminist issues by the various
> European fascist or crypto-fascist (as in the UK) governments
> is something  different. (See UK Winfred Holtby's article "Black Words for
> Women Only, appeared in
> "Clarion", the 24th March 1934 where there is a lot of criticism made
> against
> the issues of "men's heroism" and "women's dependent status" )
>
> I  have to add that as creepy as Italian Fascism (and UK fascism) might have
> been towards women, in terms
> of attributing them a fundamental importance for the State in strict
> connection to
> feminine functions of wifehood and motherhood, (as in some German rhetorical
> propaganda's mottos such as "The young generation obtain the first
> nourishment and moral teaching from their mothers...")
>  it may be said that - at least
> in Italy - when the claims started for  children, health and domestic
> welfare,
>  - as a response to the fascist exaltation of the role of women -
> some important reforms were obtained for the recognition of women's parity:
> an important one was the right to vote
> that and that to keep their original surname when they got married: a
> fascist low
> that later on granted and secured to women a lots of other benefits
> in terms of one's identity as citizen and workers.
> In fascist Romania, the Iron Guard was made of both men and women who
> marched side by side wearing the same uniform.
>
> But most important, let's not forget that  Mussolini moved very slowly  to
> institutionalize his power from a socialist one to a totalitarian one;
> fascism = bundle from the ancient roman symbol of State authority. And
> indeed, fascism as a political doctrine, originated in Italy only apparently
> because of Mussolini, in fact behind him there was the Italian Philosopher
> Giovanni gentile (one of the most important European  leading figures of
> thinkers, such as D'Annunzio, Pirandello, Vittorini, Pareto, Puccini )) and
> it contains sentences such as this to promote that new form of government:
>
> "Fascism is opposed to classical liberalism . (therefore opposed to
> Bentham). It denies the materialistic conception of happiness....This means
> that Fascism denies the equation:well-being +happiness, which sees in men
> mere animals, content when they can feed and fatten...
> The State, as conceived and realized by Fascism, is a spiritual and ethical
> entity for securing the political, juridical and economical organization of
> the nation, an organization which in its origin and growth is a
> manifestation of the spirit. The State
> guarantees the internal and external safety of the country, but it also
> safeguards and transmits the spirit of the people, elaborated  down the ages
> in its language, its costumes and its faith. The State is not only the
> present, it is also the past and the future. Transcending the individual's
> brief spell of life, the state stands for the immanent conscience of the
> nation..."(Fascist Doctrine: Author: Mussolini)  in 1932. (published  in the
> Enciclopedia Italiana.
>
> Millions of Italian little boys and girls were enrolled in five
> organizations: starting from the one for the boys and girls aged 6 and 7, up
> to go the other groups until the age of 17. The State was trying to emulate
> the reformism  in favor of the proletariat of communist revolutionary
> Russia.
>
> But with this I am not defending Italian Fascism, responsible for
> innumerable crimes, like the killing of Giacomo Matteotti (the Socialist
> leader who was enumerating to the Chamber in Parliament the crimes of the
> Fascists). Totalitarism was maintained by means of arrests,with the
> dissidents being outlawed -  all sort of deprecable actions.
> But also there were as I said a number of less negative aspects: such as
> many efforts made to keep the peasants on the lands by means of providing
> them with technological advanced  machinery , the reduction to almost zero
> of the crimes of mafia criminals, the suppression of the  malaria-infested
> marshes near Rome, the creation of employment and welfare, recreation
> centers and libraries , family bonuses to the poor and to women given, and
> most of all,  free education until university level  for all the citizens
> (free books too plus scholarships ) .
>
> This was the general doctrine of the Italian  Fascism in the pre-war years.
>
> What Dom is describing is , I feel, the psychological impression that we -
> as a post-war generation of sons and daughters of people who faught o
> suffered the War - have learned from both the documents and the
> interpretaions made of our recent horrifying History. And I apologise if I
> am quoting from his post again:
>
> "But it does seem fairly clear to me that fascism has a sexual
> > allure about it: that it is depraving, and that it appeals to a depraved
> > part of ourselves. I don't think an adequate account of fascism can be
> given
> > without taking into account its phantasmatic dimension, its libidinal
> > economy if you like.
>
> I still think we do not have the right distance and measure to evaluate our
> past in a totally objective way.
> Fascism was one thing , Nazism has been another.
> I wonder whether you are ready to accept this nuance.
>
> Erminia



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