Hi Dick I appreciate what you have said. But I don't understand how "a personal exploration for better understanding of something" makes a Ph.D. education unique. I would think that to certain extent, personal exploration and development exist, (or should exist), in all levels of education. Besides, what experience is not personal? Thanks Rosan > Norm, > > Thanks for expressing what many of us believe is the essence of the > Ph.D. in any field of inquiry. What you have described was the guiding > instruction I received at the University of Chicago when I began my own > doctoral study--and it w as the only reason I had for seeking the degree: > to fulfill a personal exploration for better understanding of something > that I had experienced many years before. Study for the Ph.D. is a > remarkably personal experience, gradually validated and obj ectified by > the mind grappling with difficult problems and seeking the best > answers--the answers most grounded and defensible, as we are given the > light to see. Aided by a master, who shares what he can, we slowly find > our place in a very complex world. If we are very fortunate, our work > may also help others to do the same. > > Dick > > > > Richard Buchanan, Ph.D. > Professor and Head > School of Design > Carnegie Mellon University > – f %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%