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Hi Dick, This rhetoric is illuminating. I suspect you have raised an important point re topoi and categories. I'd be grateful if you would give more detail about the epistemological differences between topoi/topics and categories. Best wishes, Terry ________________________________________ Dr. Terence Love Love Design and Research GPO Box 226 Quinns Rocks Western Australia 6030 [log in to unmask] +61 (0)8 9305 7629 ________________________________________ -----Original Message----- From: [log in to unmask] [mailto:[log in to unmask]]On Behalf Of Richard Buchanan Sent: Tuesday, 3 October 2000 9:57 AM To: [log in to unmask]; Klaus Krippendorff Subject: Re: Design Knowledge ... Excerpts from mail: 2-Oct-100 Re: Design Knowledge ... by Klaus [log in to unmask] > rhetoric has nothing to say about the ingenuity needed to > create new speeches but about what is invariant in and can be generalized > to all speeches. Rhetoricians would disagree. The art of invention, based on topics or topoi, is the cornerstone of rhetoric. It is the art of discovering (or inventing) what may be said in a given particular situation--i.e. in a specific speech for a specific occasion. Invention is regarded as the first of the five arts of rhetoric and the subject of unending discussion. The literature is extensive and fascinating. The methods of creativity that are often discussed in design employ topics as the device of art. One example of many concerns Horst Rittel. Late in his life, students at Berkeley explained the art of rhetoric to him--there is a strong rhetoric program at Berkeley--and he recognized that the inventional devices in his own approach to design had an uncanny resemblence to rhetorical topoi. By the way, topoi are also the device of art in dialectic. In contrast, logic and grammar employ the device of categories. Dick %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%