Thanks to Joh Bleasdale for picking up on yet another dodgy metaphor too often used in talking about violence on screen: 'over the top'. Could we not start in entirely another direction by asking how different kinds of viewers think about and understand violence on screen/ In which case, the two classic studies that people surely should be referencing would be David Morrison et al's Defining Violence, and Philip Schlesinger et al's Men Viewing Violence. What do other people think of these? Martin Barker